Ancient Byzantine Bronze Decorative Application Artefact 500 AD

(C0)
500 AD Authentic Ancient Byzantine Bronze Decorative Application Artefact

Authentic Ancient

Bronze Byzantine Application

Circa 500-600 A.D.

22x15mm (2.50 grams)

Applications such as these would be used as decorative  elements in cloth, wood or other materials.

Provenance: From  private collection in the United States of America.

Ownership History: From  private collection in the United States, bought in private sale in the United  States of America.

You are buying the exact item pictured,  provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of  Authenticity.

The Byzantine  Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire, was the predominantly Greek-speaking eastern half continuation and  remainder of theRoman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), originally founded as Byzantium. It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire  in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years  until it fellto the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its  existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military  force in Europe. Both "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" are  historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens  continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire(Ancient Greek: Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων, tr. Basileia Rhōmaiōn; Latin: Imperium Romanum),  or Romania(Ῥωμανία), and to themselves as  "Romans".

The Empire at its greatest extent in 555 AD under

Justinian the Great (its vassals in pink)

Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period  during which the Roman Empire's east and west divided. In 285, the emperorDiocletian (r. 284–305) partitioned the Roman  Empire's administration into eastern and western halves. Between 324 and 330, Constantine I (r. 306–337) transferred the main  capital from Rome toByzantium, later known as Constantinople  ("City of Constantine") and Nova Roma ("New Rome"). Under Theodosius I (r. 379–395), Christianitybecame the Empire's official state religion and others such as Roman polytheism were proscribed. And finally, under the reign of Heraclius (r. 610–641), the Empire's military  and administration were restructured and adopted Greek for official use instead  of Latin. Thus, although it continued the Roman state and maintained Roman state  traditions, modern historians distinguish Byzantiumfrom ancient Rome insofar as it was oriented towards  Greek rather than Latin culture, and characterised by Orthodox Christianity rather thanRoman polytheism.

The borders of the Empire evolved significantly over its existence, as it  went through several cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I(r. 527–565), the Empire reached  its greatest extent after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including north Africa,  Italy, and Rome itself, which it held for two more centuries. During the reign  of Maurice (r. 582–602), the Empire's eastern  frontier was expanded and the north stabilised. However, his assassination  caused a two-decade-long war with Sassanid Persiawhich exhausted the Empire's  resources and contributed to major territorial losses during theMuslim conquests of the 7th century. In a  matter of years the Empire lost its richest provinces, Egypt and Syria, to the  Arabs.

During the Macedonian dynasty (10th–11th centuries), the  Empire again expanded and experienced a two-century long renaissance, which came to an end with the loss  of much of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. This battle opened  the way for the Turks to settle in Anatolia as a homeland.

The final centuries of the Empire exhibited a general trend of decline. It  struggled to recover during the 12th century, but was  delivered a mortal blow during the Fourth Crusade, when Constantinople was sacked  and the Empire dissolved and dividedinto competing Byzantine  Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual recovery of  Constantinople and re-establishment of the Empire in 1261,  Byzantium remained only one of several small rival states in the area for the  final two centuries of its existence. Its remaining territories wereprogressively annexed by the Ottomans over the  15th century. The Fall of Constantinople to theOttoman Empire in 1453 finally ended the  Byzantine Empire.

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